中国楼市拥抱新周期 或以现房销售推动行业转型******
(经济观察)中国楼市拥抱新周期 或以现房销售推动行业转型
中新社北京1月19日电 题:中国楼市拥抱新周期 或以现房销售推动行业转型
中新社记者 庞无忌
2022年中国房地产业出现罕见的深度调整,全行业经历了一次出清周期。不过,从另一个角度来看,“去腐生肌”之后,随着供求重新平衡,房地产业也有望走向真正的良性循环。
楼市拥抱新周期
国家统计局近日发布的数据显示,2022年,中国商品房销售规模从2021年的近18亿平方米降至13.6亿平方米;商品房销售额从2021年的约18.2万亿元(人民币,下同)降至约13.3万亿元。商品房销售规模创下多年新低。同时,去年,房地产开发投资增速首次出现同比负增长。房屋新开工面积、土地购置面积、房企到位资金等指标均大幅下滑。
58安居客研究院院长张波指出,尽管支持房地产发展的几项重要维度(人口、城镇化速度等)在过去几年已经发生了一些变化,但市场面在2022年才真正显示楼市开始进入新周期。
中国社科院城市与竞争力研究中心主任倪鹏飞也认为,近年来,房地产高位运行是不合理、不可持续的。由于一些长期变量发生改变,如人均住房面积、人口老龄化等,房地产不可能像过去一样高位增长了,“我们预判未来十年房地产以及住房新增部分规模在10亿平方米至12亿平方米左右,匹配相应房地产投资规模”。
经过去年的深度调整,他指出,从总量上看,目前房地产市场正在接近合理区间。
经济学家任泽平也认为,房地产大开发时代落幕,进入存量时代。他指出,目前城镇住房套户比(住宅套数和家庭户数的比例)已达1.09,供求基本平衡,未来多数城市将面临住房过剩,再加上人口老龄化加速到来,未来住房需求将有所收缩。
现房销售推动转型
在供给与需求重新平衡的过程中,新周期或将拉开序幕。近期官方所提及的一项关键变化值得注意。
近日召开的全国住房和城乡建设工作会议,将当前和今后一段时期的房地产工作重点总结为“稳预期、防风险和促转型”。在促转型方面,会议明确指出,有条件的可以进行现房销售,继续实行预售的,必须把资金监管责任落到位,防止资金抽逃,不能出现新的交楼风险。
从“卖楼花”的预售制到现房销售,这一变化意味着什么?
中指研究院企业研究总监刘水在接受中新社记者采访时表示,现房销售有助于减少楼房烂尾及质量问题,对房企来说,也能引导其注重产品质量和高品质服务,引导房企稳健经营,降低杠杆和负债水平。他认为,未来现房销售可能在重点城市的部分地块进行试点,或明确为土地出让的条件。
不过,刘水提醒,从预售到现房销售,应该是缓慢的转换过程,不能“急转弯”或一蹴而就。预售制在国内已有近20年历史,如果骤然切换至现房销售,可能会加重房企资金困难。
广东省城规院住房政策研究中心首席研究员李宇嘉也对中新社记者表示,现房销售就不再有保交楼问题,这意味着未来的住房供应会更多强调民生保障。李宇嘉也提醒,现房销售应该因区施策,因时施策,匹配各城市的在售库存及未来几年的土地供应计划,不宜一步到位。
对于短期库存较少的区域,李宇嘉认为,更适宜提前加大供地,再采取“新老划断”的模式。对于短期库存较多的区域来说,逐步在土地出让条件中明确规定现房销售试点,或是可选择的过渡方案。
波动性弱复苏
近日,国务院副总理刘鹤在世界经济论坛2023年年会上发表致辞时表示,中国针对房地产领域风险,着力稳定预期,提供合理流动性,放松过热时期的调控措施,积极扩大有效需求。未来中国房地产业稳定发展仍有足够的需求支撑。
全国住房和城乡建设工作会议也提出,2023年将以更大力度精准支持刚性和改善性住房需求,提升市场信心,同时也明确将严控投机炒房。
倪鹏飞指出,2023年及未来一段时间,如果没有意外事件冲击,房地产总体走势将是波动性弱恢复。
张波则认为,房地产市场底部已逐步清晰,房价或在今年二季度企稳。(完)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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